Koshi Loksewa Fifth Level Notes (कोशी प्रदेशेवा पांचौ नायब सुबबा नोट्स).
In this blog you will get Koshi Loksewa Fifth Level Notes (कोशी प्रदेशेवा पांचौ नायब सुबबबा नोट्स) and free PDF downloads. These notes and study materials specially prepared for the students preparing for this exam will make your preparation more effective. Important topics, concise notes and reliable resources are available on this blog, which will help you succeed in the exam.
Geographical features, types and characteristics of Nepal
Introduction to the geographical features of Nepal
Nepal is a small but geographically diverse country in South Asia. It is located in the lap of the Himalayas, between the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and India. Nepal's geographical features have made it a center of natural beauty, cultural diversity and climate variability.
The geographical features of Nepal are as follows:
Latitude: 26°22' to 30°27' North
Longitude: 80°4' to 88°12' East
Area: 1,47,516 square kilometers
Borders:
North: China (Tibet Autonomous Region)
East, West and South: India
Length: About 880 kilometers east-west
Width: 145 to 241 kilometers north-south
The geographical features of Nepal have had a profound impact on the diversity of its climate, geostrategic importance, natural resources and human settlement.
Geographical features and types of Nepal
The geographical features of Nepal can be divided into 3 main geographical regions:
1. Mountain Region
Location: This region is located in the northern part of Nepal and extends above 3000 meters above sea level.
Coverage: It covers about 15% of the total land area of Nepal.
Features:
The highest peaks of the world are located here.
Mount Everest (8848.86 meters)
Kanchenjunga (8,586 meters)
Peaks like Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Makalu.
The climate here is cold-desert type.
The population is sparse; mainly inhabited by Sherpa, Tamang, Gurung tribes.
There are many glacial lakes and glaciers.
Animal husbandry, herb collection and mountain tourism are the main economic activities here.
It is considered a center of tourism due to its rich natural beauty.
2. Hilly Region
Location: This region is located between 600 meters and 3000 meters in altitude.
Coverage: Covers about 68% of the total area of Nepal.
Features:
Divided into Chure, Mahabharata and Mid-Hill regions.
The climate here is temperate.
Dense forests, valleys, mountains, lakes and fertile land are the main features of this region.
Major cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Dharan are in this region.
Different castes: Brahmin, Kshetri, Newar, Magar, Rai, Limbu etc.
Main economic activities: Agriculture, animal husbandry, small industries and trade.
Mountain erosion, soil erosion and poverty are the main challenges here.
3. Terai Region
Location: This region is located at an altitude of 60 to 600 meters above sea level.
Cover: Covers about 17% of the total land area of Nepal.
Features:
A flat and fertile land.
The most densely populated areas of Nepal are here.
A major area of Nepal for industrial, commercial and agricultural activities.
The major districts are Dhanusha, Rautahat, Rupandehi, Kailali etc.
Main castes: Madhesi, Tharu, Yadav, Muslims, etc.
The climate here is hot and desert type.
The forests and biodiversity in the Chure Bhawar region are the main attractions.
Geographical features of Nepal
The geographical diversity, climate, landforms and natural resources of Nepal have made it special. Here are 10 major features:
1. Geographical diversity
A small area includes the Himalayas, hills and the Terai region.
Each region has a different climate and natural structure.
2. The highest mountains
The world's highest peak, Mount Everest (8,848.86 meters), is located in Nepal.
Other high peaks: Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri.
3. A country rich in water resources
There are more than 6,000 rivers. Major rivers: Koshi, Gandaki, Karnali.
There is immense potential for hydroelectricity production.
4. Fertile Terai region
The most fertile lands of Nepal are in the Terai.
It is important in the production of food and cash crops.
5. Wildlife and biodiversity
Snow leopards are found in the Himalayas and one-horned rhinoceros in the Terai.
More than 20,000 plant and more than 800 bird species.
6. Climate variability
Cold desert in the Himalayas, temperate in the mountains, and hot climate in the Terai.
Climates range from alpine to tropical.
7. Tourist importance
Mountain climbing, trekking, religious and cultural tours.
Chitwan National Park, Lumbini, Mount Everest region.
8. Geopolitical importance
Nepal is in a geopolitically important location between India and China.
It plays a role in maintaining strategic balance.
9. Religious and cultural diversity
A meeting place of different ethnicities, religions and languages.
Places like Lumbini (birthplace of Gautam Buddha) and Pashupatinath Temple.
10. Natural resources and minerals
Natural resources like herbs, timber, limestone, copper, iron ore.
Effects of Nepal's Geography
Nepal's geography has had a profound impact on natural, economic, cultural and strategic aspects. Here are 10 major impacts:
1. Impact on climate and weather
Different climates in the Himalayas, hills and Terai regions.
The diversity of weather affects agriculture and people's lives.
2. Impact on agriculture
Food and cash crop production in the fertile lands of the Terai.
Terrace farming and animal husbandry in the hills.
3. Impact on population distribution
The population density is high in the Terai, while the population is sparse in the Himalayan region.
Geographical conditions determine the spread of settlements.
4. Impact on economic activities
The tourism industry depends on the mountains and cultural sites.
The agriculture-based economy utilizes geographical diversity.
5. Impact on culture and lifestyle
The ethnic groups of the Himalayas, hills and Terai have adopted different lifestyles.
Cultural activities are carried out according to natural resources.
6. Impact on Hydropower Potential
Hill and Himalayan rivers are important for hydropower generation.
Nepal's rivers have increased the potential for economic development.
7. Impact on Geostrategic Importance
Nepal is located between two large countries like India and China.
Strategically important trade route.
8. Impact on Tourism
Geographical beauty attracts tourists.
Activities like mountain climbing, jungle safari, trekking are popular.
9. Impact on Environment and Ecological Balance
The melting snow of the Himalayas forms a source of water for rivers.
Forests and biodiversity maintain ecological balance.
10. Impact on Import-Export Trade
Dependence on neighboring countries for trade due to geographical location.
Transportation is unorganized due to geographical challenges.
Challenges of Nepal's Geographical Condition
The geographical condition of Nepal has also created various challenges. Here are 10 key challenges:
1. Seismic Hazards
Nepal is located in a seismically sensitive area.
The 2072 earthquake caused significant damage to life and property.
2. Landslides and Soil Erosion
Landslides occur in the hilly and mountainous regions due to heavy rainfall.
Soil erosion affects agricultural production.
3. Floods and Inundation
Floods and inundation are frequent problems in the Terai region during the rainy season.
Flooding in rivers causes loss of life and property.
4. Climate Change
As the rate of glacier melting accelerates, water resources are drying up.
Climate change has affected agriculture and the environment.
5. Lack of Transport and Infrastructure
Road construction in the hilly and mountainous regions is challenging.
Transport access to remote areas is limited.
6. Lack of drinking water and irrigation
Despite adequate water resources, there is a lack of irrigation and drinking water.
Difficulties in delivering water to remote areas.
7. Urbanization and population pressure
Slumping in cities has led to unplanned urbanization.
Population density pressure in the Kathmandu Valley.
8. Misuse of natural resources
Deforestation, illegal mining, and unplanned use of water resources.
Loss of biodiversity.
9. Border disputes and security challenges
Disputes in the border areas with India and China.
Illegal activities are increasing due to the open border.
10. Poverty and economic inequality
Lack of development opportunities in remote areas.
Geographical structure has added challenges to rural development.
Conclusion
The geographical situation and shape of Nepal have made it a country rich in natural, cultural, and biological diversity. The three major geographical regions of Himalayas, Hills and Terai have made significant contributions to the country's diversity and economic, tourism and cultural aspects. If Nepal can properly utilize its natural resources while addressing geographical sensitivities, many possibilities for economic development can be seen.
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